Overview – bribing the electorate

·         Well it’s election year and the chancellor has exercised his right to bribe everyone who might vote New Labour with promises that sound rather better than reality.

·         We await the patter of tiny feet in the Brown household – possibly in 2003 when the bulk of his maternity measures take effect.

·         As usual the budget contained a sly dig at traditional enemies of the socialist movement – banks are no doubt to be punished for the various monopolies they are deemed to operate and legislation to curb the professions (but presumably not the lawyers donating to the socialist cause) is to follow.

Here’s one I made earlier

These days so many of the tax and benefit changes are pre-announced that it is worth reprising the existing measures that come into effect during the next year, although some have been slightly changed in the Budget. Some people will not live to see all of the changes announced in the current budget (no matter how young they are)

 

·         From April 2001 a children’s tax credit of £520 will be introduced. This will be gradually withdrawn where one or both of the parents is a higher rate taxpayer. From April 2002 an additional credit of £520 will apply during the year in which a child is born.

·         The working families’ tax credit introduced in October in conjunction with the national minimum wage currently ensures an income of £214pw and this will increase to £225pw from October 2001 (couple with one child)

·         The Climate Change Levy is introduced from April 2001 and there is a corresponding reduction in employers’ rate of national insurance to 11.7%.

·         Road fuel taxes are reduced in accordance with the policy of appeasing protestors

·         The minimum wage is to be increased to £4.10 per hour from October 2001. The youth rate will be announced later in the year.

·         The upper earnings limit for employees NI increases to £575pw while the nil rate band is aligned with the personal tax threshold (at £87pw)

·         The lower rate of Vehicle Excise Duty will, from July 2001 (but back-dated to November 2000), apply to cars below 1,500cc. New cars are subject to a 4 band system based on carbon dioxide emissions

·         The standard rate of Landfill tax increases from £11 to £12 per tonne from 1 April 2001.  It continues to increase by a further £1 per tonne in each of the next three years

·         For pensioners the winter fuel allowance was increased to £200 and the basic state pension increases by £5 (couples £8) per week with a minimum income guarantee of £92.15 (couples £140.55)

·         The ISA contribution limit continues at £7,000 until 2006.

·         The cash and annual accounting schemes for VAT will both have an increased turnover limit of £600,000pa from April.

·         With-holding tax on royalties between companies paying corporation tax is abolished from April 2001

·         Some initiatives have clearly failed, one being the so called “universal bank account” which will only come about with severe arm-twisting.

·         From 6th April 2001 all payments of pension premiums (NOT retirement annuities) will be made net of tax relief at the basic rate.  For the self-employed this will have an effect on payment of tax since the relief will have been wholly or partly obtained at source

Income Tax

·         The basic personal allowance is increased in accordance with inflation to £4,535.

·         The personal allowances for pensioners have been increased to £5,990 (aged 65-74) and £6,260 (75 and over), the income limit for age related allowances rises to £17,600.

·         The 10% band has been extended by £380 to cover the first £1,880 of income. Higher rate tax starts at £29,400 of taxable income.

Benefits in Kind.

·         Details have been announced of the revised car benefits scheme based on carbon emissions to be introduced from April 2002, a Ford Focus (emitting <165g/km) will attract the lowest rate of 15% and a Rolls Royce the highest rate of 35% - although the RR will benefit from the upper limit of £80,000 on cost.

·         The tax-free rates for business mileage will change significantly from 2002, to a single set of rates of 40p for the first 10,000 miles and 25p thereafter. To encourage multiple use employers will be able to pay an additional 5p per mile for carrying business passengers on the same journey.

Reliefs

·         The earnings limit for personal pensions is increased to £95,400.

·         An accelerated tax credit (150%) is to be introduced in respect of expenditure for cleaning up contaminated land.

National Insurance

·         There are various technical changes to NI rules that basically bring the treatment of benefits and expenses into line with the tax treatment.

Incentive Schemes

·         All employee share ownership plan – rules on stamp duty are changed to avoid a double charge.

·         Enterprise management incentive, the limit on the amount of shares in issue under the scheme has been increased to £3m and the restriction on the number of employees lifted. There are other technical amendments to ease the administrative burdens of the scheme.

·         Corporate Venturing tax relief , EIS and VCT are amended so that all the funds raised need not be used within 12 months, 80% must be used with 12 months and the balance within the following year. Other changes mean that EIS relief may not be lost when a company ceases to be unquoted.

·         The relief for investment in films which was to expire on 1st July 2002 has been extended to 1st July 2005.

Capital Gains Tax

·         The annual exempt amount is increased to £7,500 for individuals and £3,750 for most trustees.

·         Taper relief is extended at the business assets rate to the employees of non-trading companies provided they do not hold a material interest (>10%)

·         Retirement relief continues to be phased out over a period of five years. The exempt and half-exempt amounts for 2001/02 are £100,000 and £300,000 respectively.

Capital Allowances

·         Enhanced (i.e.100%) allowances are available on energy saving plant and machinery. The details are available at http://www.eca.gov.uk. It is worth considering this since items such as lighting and air conditioning systems are eligible.

Places of worship

·         The European Commission has declined to consider the case for reducing the rate of VAT on maintenance and repairs of listed buildings used as places of worship.  To disguise this rebuff a system of grants is to be introduced that will effectively reduce the VAT cost from 17.5% to 5%.

Stamp Duty

·         An exemption will be made for properties in disadvantaged areas.

Value Added Tax

·         Registration and de-registration thresholds are £54,000 and £52,000 respectively from 1st April 2001

·         The refurbishment and conversion of properties empty for more than 3 years, non-residential property, flats above shops and the conversion of a dwelling to a care home or for multiple occupation will be subject to VAT at the reduced rate of 5%

·         Regulations are to be introduced to ensure museums and galleries that provide free admission can recover VAT on their expenses.

·         Adult cycle helmets are to be zero-rated and children’s car seats rated at 5%. In addition the rules on children’s clothing are amended to recognise that children are larger (fatter?) than they used to be.

Other Taxes

·         The value of corporate gifts that may be given in any year has been increased from £10 to £50

·         The nil rate band for inheritance tax is increased by £8,000 to £242,000 from April 2001.

·         Investment and Property Investment LLPs are defined in a similar manner to the corresponding companies in order to restrict their use as vehicles for tax planning, among other measures interest on borrowings to invest in such an LLP will not attract tax relief.

·         A levy of £1.60 per tonne on the extraction of aggregates will be introduced from April 2002, this will be balanced by a 0.1% reduction in employers NIC

·         The Minimum Funding requirement for pension schemes is to be abolished but will be replaced with further bureaucratic requirements.

Welfare Reform

·         The selection of tax credits (principally it seems a device to redefine social spending as negative taxation) is to be extended to pensioners at some indeterminate future date.

·         Maternity pay will be increased to £75pw in 2002 then £100pw in 2003 and the period of payment extended from 18 weeks to 26 weeks.  A two-week period of paid paternity pay will be introduced at the same rate.

Duties

·         The duties on tobacco have been increased by the rate of inflation. This increases the cost of a packet of 20 cigarettes by 6p.

·         Road fuel duties are reduced in line with previous commitments, by 2.35p per litre for ultra low sulphur and unleaded petrol (until 14th June) and by 3p per litre for ULS diesel. LPG is similarly reduced by 3p per litre and the duty frozen in real terms until 2004

·         Duties on alcohol are frozen – party party!! Also the government is “minded” to reduce the rate of duty paid by small brewers – even better!!!

·         Betting Duties are to be abolished from 1st January 2002, a 15% tax on bookmakers’ gross profits will be introduced.

 

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Ian J Fletcher FCA

A David Simpson BA(Oxon) ACA